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A Comparison of Structural Stainless Steel Design Standards

Design standards for structural stainless steel are compared. The European (Eurocode 3 ENV 1993-1-4), American (SEI/ASCE 8-02) and Australian/New Zealand (AS/NZS 4673) standards are reviewed in some detail.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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A Stainless Structure

To stimulate demand for stainless steel structural members, Aichi Steel Works of Japan has used nickel-containing S30400 to construct an entrance hall in the company's office building.

Source: Nickel Institute
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ABC Design Rules and Regulations

A list of design rule references.

Source: Euro Inox
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Airspace of Indoor Swimming Pools

Stainless steel is widely used in and around swimming pools and performs exceptionally well in most applications. However, some common types of stainless steel are not suitable for use in the airspace of indoor pool buildings in certain applications where they are subject to a tensile stress. This ASSDA Bulletin provides helpful guidance.

Source: Australian Stainless Steel Development Association (ASSDA)
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BSSA Sections Directory parts 1-11

The BSSA Stainless Steel Sections Directory 2006, Second Edition shows a comprehensive list of sections available from eleven UK suppliers. The Directory gives a list of all of the standard section types and sizes which are available, supplier details and a glossary of terms.

Source: British Stainless Steel Association
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Buckling Reduction Factors for Stainless Steel Shell Structures

The material behaviour of stainless steel strongly differs from that of mild steel beyond the proportional limit. Consequently, the buckling behaviour of mild steel structures and stainless steel structures will differ from each other in so far as for any given stainless steel structure of medium slenderness, i.e. belonging to the “elastic-plastic” region, the buckling capacity is lower than for a comparable mild steel structure of identical shape and area.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Building Better Bridges

The deterioration of concrete infrastructure is the largest civil engineering challenge facing the developed world. In the United States alone, it has been reported that 600,000 road bridges are scheduled for repair at an estimated cost of US$200 billion; four times the cost of their original construction.

Source: Nickel Institute
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Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel

In this paper recommendations are given along with examples.

Source: Euro Inox
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Design of Welded Connections of Cold-Worked Stainless Steel RHS Members

When austenitic stainless steel is cold worked, it undergoes substantial strain hardening leading to significant strength enhancement. Utilisation of the enhanced strength is economic in the case of stainless steel structural applications.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Erection and Installation of Stainless Steel Components

The Euro Inox brochure Erection and Installation of Stainless Steel Structures amplifies and explains the mandatory requirements on erection according to Euronorm EN 1090. It addresses site conditions and erection planning, which should take into account factors such as stability, lifting, access and stiffness of part-erected structures.

Source: Euro Inox
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Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Shear Response of Stainless Steel Plated Girders

Resistance to shear is one of the most important load cases to be considered when designing slender steel plated structures. This is a widely studied issue in carbon steel but not in stainless steel structures due to its recent introduction into construction as structural material.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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GBT-Based Local and Global Buckling Analysis of C-Section and RHS Stainless Steel Columns

A brief overview of the formulation of a non-linear elastic Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) is first presented. This formulation extends/modifies the available one and can be applied to assess the local and global buckling behaviour of open and closed thin-walled columns made of elastic-plastic materials, such as stainless steel or aluminium.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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General Design Specification for Structural Stainless Steel

This Design Specification regulates the design and application of stainless steel for loaded structures and is generally valid in Germany until December 31, 2008. There are 17 steel grades specified by their performance in structural appliances and corrosive environments, even in swimming pool buildings.

Source: Informationsstelle Edelstahl Rostfrei (ISER)
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Glass Walkway in the Basilica of Aquileia, Italy

The Basilica of Aquileia in Laguna di Grado in northern Italy contains the largest and best preserved early Christian mosaics. Measures had to be undertaken to preserve these unique pictorial images. Glass wake ways were suspended from the new roof on a stainless steel support frame.

Source: Euro Inox
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Stainless Steel: A Glowing Future in Construction

As Bilbao residents watch construction progress on the world's first all-stainless steel bridge, developments across Europe confirm the growing interest in a host of architectural applications for the metal.

Source: British Stainless Steel Association
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Guidance on the Use of Stainless Steel in Construction

Paper presented on the occasion of the Symposium 'Structural Applications of Stainless Steel in Building and Construction' on 24th February 2000 in Brussels.

Source: Euro Inox
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Hexagonally Self-Structuring Stainless Steel Sheet Provides Synergetic Options

Paper by F. Mirtsch, S. Mirtsch, M. Schade, University of Applied Sciences, Berlin.

 

·         Natural vault-structuring by self-organisation

·         Properties of hexagonally structured metal sheet

·         Selected application examples of stainless steel

Source: Euro Inox
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Isothermal Material Tests of Cold Worked Stainless Steels

This article describes the testing programme and results for isothermal material tests at elevated temperatures for cold worked stainless steels. The main objective of the tests is to provide data for fire design guidance.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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ISSF Book of New Applications 2006 - Structural applications

This excerpt from the ISSF Book of New Applications 2006, gives more information on structural applications in the Architecture, Building and Construction sector.

The following applications can be seen here:

·         Arch for the new Malizia bridge in Siena

·         All stainless steel fastener system

·         Pedestrian bridge for Stockholm

·         All stainless steel fastener system

·         Riverwalk floating away

·         Reinforcement for concrete

Source: ISSF
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Lift cabins, Schlossberg, Graz

The lift frame is an open steel construction that is encased in glass at the exit levels.

Source: Euro Inox
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Local Buckling of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Sections

Research at the University of Sydney, in the stainless steel area has for the last three years concentrated on the local buckling strength of stainless steel plates with application to cold-formed sections.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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New Bridge Using Stainless Steel Rebar

Article outlines a project by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), which is using highly alloyed stainless steel reinforcing bar in its concrete structures. It describes a bridge that is expected to provide maintenance-free service for 120 years, nearly 2.5 times the service life of the bridge it is replacing.

Source: New Materials International
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Raising Awareness of Stress-Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of Stainless Steels in Indoor Swimming Pools

Despite an awareness campaign carried out in the mid 1990s by the Nickel Development Institute, a recent event in The Netherlands has indicated that the dangers posed by SCC in some types of stainless steels in indoor swimming pools are not as widely recognised as they need to be.

Source: Nickel Institute
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Rationale for Using Stainless Steel Reinforcement in the UK Construction Industry

This paper was presented at ISSF-7 conference in May 2003 by Graham Gedge from Arup. The Open Panel Discussion is summarized at the end of the paper.

Source: ISSF
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R&D Work and Current Practice for Stainless Steel Structural Design in Italy

Stainless steel is increasingly used in Italy for building construction, nevertheless the use of concrete for structural members is still largely prevalent. Interesting perspectives are open for stainless steel cold worked sheets, plates and bars and the mechanical properties of cold worked bars are illustrated. Current cases of construction practice using stainless steel as a structural material in Italy are shown.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Recent Stainless Steel Research in the UK: An Improved Method for Structural Design and Numerical Modelling

This paper reports on recently conducted structural stainless steel research in the UK and summarises the activities and findings of two major projects.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Renovation work at Neuschwanstein Castle

At King Ludwig II’s fairytale castle in southern Bavaria extensive renovation work became necessary. The managing authorities were keen for both modern technology and high-quality materials to be used, as a way of preserving the monument for many years to come.

Source: Euro Inox
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Research on Light-weight Stainless Steel Structures in Japan

This paper introduces a recently established R&D program for utilizing thin stainless steel plates in building constructions.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Stainless Steel Fasteners

Details selecting stainless steel fasteners with a description of the basic types. Discusses the criteria for choosing the right stainless steel presented with the typical properties and some thoughts on designing for optimum corrosion resistance.

Source: Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA)
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Stainless Steel Fasteners Recommended

As more and more steel buildings are built, an increasing number of architects are recommending stainless steel fasteners -- not only for industrial and commercial applications but for residential housing as well.

Source: Nickel Institute
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Stainless Steel for Fire Resistance

Learn how laboratory test results unequivocally demonstrate that stainless steel has superior fire and heat resistance compared to other materials.

Source: Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA)
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Stainless Steel for Wall Ties, Stone Anchors etc.

An eight-page booklet that combines text with drawings, photographs, and charts to illustrate how efficiently and effectively non-corrosive stainless steel can be used with concrete; motor natural stonework and brickwork; plastics; copper and copper alloys; aluminum; and carbon, zinc and galvanized steel.

Source: Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA)
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Stainless Steel Girders: Resistance to Concentrated Loads and Shear

This paper is a summary of work performed in Sweden since 1998, addressing the resistance of welded I-girders made of stainless steel subjected to concentrated forces or shear.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Stainless Steel in Building and Construction: Long Products for Lasting Solutions

The images in this animation show just some of the long products applications for stainless steel ...

Source: ISSF
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Stainless Steel in Structural Applications

Stainless steel can be fabricated by methods similar to those used by carbon steel. However, other considerations must be taken into account because of the difference in material properties such as yield strength and rate of work hardening. This Designer Handbook has several suggestions on techniques for cutting, bending, forming, and finishing the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels.

Source: Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA)
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Stainless Steel in Structures

Paper presented at the International Experts Seminar, 20th May 2003, Ascot, UK

Source: Euro Inox
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Stainless Steel in Swimming Pool Buildings

Prepared by the Nickel Development Institute, in association with the Sports Council, Stainless Steel Advisory Centre, Building Research Establishment, Institute of Sport Recreation Management, and Pool Water Treatment Advisory Group, 1995. This guide gives practical advice on the successful use of stainless steel in Swimming Pools. It is aimed at architects, designers, builders and pool managers.

Source: Nickel Institute
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Stainless Steel: Plasticity and Constitutive Modelling

This paper presents a constitutive model proposed for stainless steel. The model is a two surface model utilizing the concept of fuzzy sets. An experimental investigation has been performed on two different stainless steel grades as a reference to the model.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Stainless Steel Rebar. International Bulletin

Deterioration of reinforced concrete caused by corrosion of the carbon steel reinforcing bars (rebars) is a worldwide problem. The corrosion product ("rust") occupies a greater volume than the original steel bar and this creates a pressure which causes cracking and subsequent spalling of the surrounding concrete.

Source: Stainless Steel Rebar. International Bulletin
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Stainless Steel Rebar – The Choice of Service Life

Paper submitted to the Fifth Stainless Steel Science and Market Congres in Sevilla, September 27-30, 2005. Covers the main benefits of stainless steel rebar and the influence of fabrication on mechanical properties and microstructure-

Source: Euro Inox
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Stainless Steel Rebar – Handling, Processing and Storage

A two-page guidance document for users of stainless steel rebar.

Source: Atlas Metals
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Stainless Steel Rebars

Stainless Steel Rebar and related construction products have been in the United States and Canada since 1996. Stainless steels have found increasing acceptance as the material of choice where a highly corrosion resistant material is needed to combat the ravages of corrosion from chlorides.

Source: Specialty Steel Industry of North America (SSINA)
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Stainless Steel Reinforcement

This paper discusses the role of Mo-containing stainless steels in prolonging the life of concrete structures

Source: International Molybdenum Association (IMOA)
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Stainless Steel Reinforcing Bar

A flash presentation describing the advantages of using stainless steel rebar.

Source: ISSF
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Structural Design in Hot-Rolled 3CR12 Sections

3CR12 is a corrosion resisting steel that before 2002 was only available in hot-rolled form in relatively simple shapes such as plate and rod.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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Structural Design of Stainless Steel

This document is a guide to the design of stainless steel structures for engineers. The guide gives design recommendations, design examples, section properties and member capacities for commonly used stainless steel sections.

Source: Euro Inox
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Summary of EN1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures

EN1993 has about 20 parts covering common rules, fire design, bridges, buildings, tanks, silos, pipelined piling, crane supported structures, towers and masts, chimneys etc. Rules for stainless steel appear for the first time   

Source: BSI British Standards
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Stainless Steel: A Superb Construction Material

Stainless steel is one of the materials most often encountered during the average day. We find it on the breakfast table, in the office, in public transport, in children's playgrounds, in hospitals, in factories, and so on. For years it has been known as a valuable construction material. Today, architects are using it more and more, for its remarkable visual and mechanical properties and its durability.

Source: Euro Inox
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Swimming in stainless

For many years now, European manufacturers have been using stainless steel panels to construct the walls of swimming pools. Now, this relatively simple construction technique is catching on in North America.

Source: Nickel Institute
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Technical Manual for the Design of Roofs of Stainless Steel Sheet

English edition. Based on the Technical Manual for the Design and Construction of Roofs of Stainless Steel Sheet, published by JSSA in 1985. It comments on processes in use in Japan for welding stainless steel, and includes a practical commentary on structural methods and construction, taking into account the climate and construction technology of Japan.

Source: Nickel Institute
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Tests of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Tubular Columns

The paper summarises a series of tests on cold-formed stainless steel tubular structures recently conducted in Singapore and Hong Kong.

Source: Steel Construction Institute
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The Stainless Steel Structure of a Sports Stadium in Quart

·         The building and its environment

·         Geometry of the structure

·         The structure and its construction

·         Summary of the principal characteristics

 

Source: Euro Inox
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Ventilation Towers in Glass and Stainless Steel

In 1992 an architectural competition was held to design ventilation structures for air inlet and extraction on Stockholm’s system of ringroads. The winners were Tengbom arkitekter of Stockholm.

Source: Euro Inox
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Why use stainless steel reinforcing bar?

ISSF has produced a leaflet which answers some basic questions on stainless steel rebar:

·         Why stainless steel reinforcing bar?

·         What are the benefits?

·         Is it cost-effective?

Source: ISSF
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